Spring MVC is an MVC Framework for building Web Applications based on Servlet technology, it is provided as a part of Spring Ecosystem.
Model-View-Controller (MVC)
MVC is stands for Model-View-Controller, it is an architectural design pattern that separates the application into three main components, Model, View, and the Controller.
- Model
- A Model can be any raw data generated by the Logical layer of the application.
- Many times, the Business logic is also considered as a Model.
- View
- View is the visual representation of the raw data which is nothing but the Model.
- It can be an HTML page or a JSP page.
- Controller
- Controller is an entry and exit point of the application, where every request from the client is received and response is returned.
- The Controller receives the client requests and interacts with the Model to generate the raw data. The Model generates the raw data (model) along with the view specification and it is given back to the controller.
- The controller now interacts with the view component to generates a Visual Representation of the raw data and it is returned back to the controller, which is then returned to the client.
Spring MVC Architecture
Spring MVC adapts the MVC Architecture to help build web applications. The architecture is shown in the below diagram.
Model
- The Model component represents the application's data and business logic. It interacts with the database to retrieve and store data and contains the rules that dictate how data can be created, stored, and modified.
- Typically, the Model consists of entities, services, and repositories. Entities represent the data, services contain the business logic, and repositories handle data access.
- Example: Service, Repository, Entity.
View
- The View is responsible for presenting the data to the user. It is the presentation layer that displays information to the user in a readable format.
- In Spring MVC, views are often implemented using JSP (Java Server Pages), but technologies like Thymeleaf can also be used.